Subtropical ocean ecosystem structure changes forced by North Pacific climate variations

Biological responses to basin-scale climate forcing in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean are assessed based on temporal variations in plankton community structure observed at Station ALOHA and results of a coupled physical–biogeochemical model. Observational data and model simulations for the period 1990–2004 reveal distinct temporal patterns, with significant increases in net primary productivity, modeled nitrate flux into the euphotic zone and the measured downward flux of particulate nitrogen during 1999–2004. Concurrent increases in microalgae, cyanobacteria and modeled and measured zooplankton biomass were also observed during this period. We provide evidence that these responses were a consequence of climate forcing that destratified the upper ocean, making it more susceptible to mixing events and nutrient entrainment. These findings underscore the importance of nitrate flux and plankton community structure, as modulated by climate forcing, in regulating particle export over interannual and decadal time scales.